Speaking of scheming, we must mention Yang Tinghe.
Some readers might ask, who was Yang Tinghe?
Looking back at the history of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Tinghe wasn't exactly a good or bad person, but rather a capable minister who brought order to the country. His hobby was scheming.
If you were to ask Lord Yang what his motto was, he would
say, "I scheme, therefore I am."
Why was Lord Yang so confident?
Consider his record: even the sage Wang Yangming couldn't escape his clutches. He schemed against both his former and current rulers, Zhu Houzhao and Zhu Houcong, ultimately leading to Zhu Houzhao's death.
With Zhu Houcong's complete victory, Yang Tinghe was demoted to commoner status—a fitting end for him.
Busy with scheming, unable to distinguish between internal and external affairs, the Ming Dynasty crumbled.
Guiguzi said: "Those who understand both internal and external affairs must understand the principles of strategy."
What does this mean?
It means distinguishing between friend and foe, and scheming must be done with a clear distinction between internal and external matters; one cannot act recklessly.
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